Online Extremism vs Social Media: Understanding the Relationship

Online extremism and social media are deeply intertwined but distinct phenomena: social media refers to the platforms and technologies (Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, YouTube, Reddit) that enable communication, while online extremism describes the ideological content, radicalization pathways, and violent movements that exploit these platforms. Understanding their relationship is critical for addressing radicalization, particularly among youth vulnerable to conspiracy theories and polarization.